Thinkbaby Baby Shampoo and Body Wash 16 Oz
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world's favorite film characters to life, The Magician of Oz (1939) had so much going on backside the emerald pall and the Technicolor gloss of an astonishing fantasy world.
In honour of the 80th anniversary of the moving picture, follow the yellow brick slideshow to peek behind that drapery and acquire more near the secrets and fun facts that make the dearest film a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Before the Film
As a cocky-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum's Oz serial, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to be considered for a role in the 1939 movie adaptation. Hamilton called her amanuensis to enquire which grapheme the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single mother, fought MGM for an agreed upon amount of guaranteed work time. Iii days before filming began, the studio agreed to a v-week deal. In the end, Hamilton was on set for 3 months, but many of her scenes were cutting for being too scary for audiences.
Certain, Dorothy Gale doesn't demand prosthetics or aluminum makeup, only that doesn't hateful Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was young at the time, the 16-yr-old Garland had to wear a corset-like device so she looked more than like a preadolescent child.
Director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland wear a blonde wig and loads of "baby-doll" makeup (as any preadolescent daughter would…). Luckily, that vision of the character inverse. After MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart move.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Dandy Movie Magic
The Wizard of Oz employs a lot of bully movie tricks, and some of the most unique were used in the skywriting scene. In it, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies higher up the Emerald City, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in black smoke.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special effects team spread black ink beyond the bottom of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in contrary and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting ended with the ominous "Or Dice — W Westward W."
The "Snow" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Dangerous
One of the Wicked Witch's last-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy'due south quest to encounter the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snowfall. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the issue of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more than breathy toxic connectedness than that.
All that magical snow? It's actually 100% industrial-form chrysotile asbestos. Even though the health risks associated with the material were known at the time, it was still Hollywood'south preferred option for faux snow. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't catch any snowflakes on your natural language.
Scarecrow'southward Makeup Stuck Effectually for Awhile
In the cease, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more ways than one for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin Homo's) willingness to trade parts with him. The Tin Man's aluminum makeup caused a huge amount of bug for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger'south makeup experience was better than Ebsen'southward, he still had some issues. The Scarecrow's makeup consisted of a rubber prosthetic, complete with a woven pattern that mimicked the look of burlap. After the film wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger'south face that took more than a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Set
In a burst of flames and red smoke, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, it may have instilled more than fearfulness for Hamilton. On the beginning take, the smoke rose from a subconscious trapdoor likewise early.
For the 2nd take, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor as planned, just her greatcoat snagged on the platform when the burn down flared up. Her copper-containing makeup heated upwards instantly, causing second- and third-caste burns on her hands and face. To make matters worse, the crew tried to remedy her burns with (an even more than painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch'due south legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys equally they're called in the source cloth — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Almost as scary equally the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thanks to the magic of pianoforte wires.
However, the aeriform stunt went amiss when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few feet to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cut down on human marionettes), filmmakers made miniature rubber monkeys to help populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Almost on the Cutting Room Flooring
To no ane's surprise, the American Moving picture Plant ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a listing of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. Only what may surprise you? The (arguably) most iconic song of Judy Garland's career was nearly cut from the film.
Studio execs at MGM thought the song made the Kansas scenes likewise long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't sympathize the song'south pregnant. Luckily, this unfounded concern melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland's tearful reprise of the song was left on the cutting room floor.
The Tin Homo Costume Didn't Allow Jack Haley to Rest Easy
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep around in a 90-pound lion costume, Jack Haley didn't accept it easy either. From the lingering concerns most the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" torso and arms, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was so potent that he had to lean against a board to rest properly. Many years subsequently, role player Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the aforementioned upshot with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi can't help folks escape all their problems.
The Original Can Man Was Rushed to the Infirmary
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was cast as the Scarecrow, only traded parts with Ray Bolger. All the same, Ebsen's new character, the Tin Human being, caused him a globe of issues. Namely, the character'due south silver makeup independent a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to breathe, he was rushed to the infirmary. MGM recast the role with Jack Haley (and changed upwards the makeup), simply didn't explain why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the concluding film, his vocals can be heard in "We're Off to See the Wizard."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave Us the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is total of applied special effects that really concur up. The funnel itself was actually a 35-pes long stocking made of muslin. The special effects team spun it effectually miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted properties, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale house, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is just a miniature house that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers so reversed the footage to go far look like the house was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Upward And so Either
Pay inequality has always been an event in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, voice of the titular character in Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), fabricated $970 for her operation. The moving picture went on to brand roughly $8 million.
According to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland's pay was better than Caselotti'due south — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — just it all the same didn't reflect the film'due south success. Even more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the canis familiaris earned $125 per calendar week equally Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr's Panthera leo Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought it might cast its mascot — the actual lion used in the studio's title card — as the cowardly character. Fortunately, for the condom of the actors and the animal, the filmmakers decided to bandage actor Bert Lahr as the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a convincing creature, the costume department fashioned Lahr a ninety-pound outfit fabricated from existent panthera leo skin. However, the arc lights used on set made things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his character'south fretfulness. Each night, two stagehands dried the costume for the next twenty-four hour period.
The Initial Box Office Returns Were Uneven
The film started shooting in October of 1938 but didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking upward an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That's nearly $l meg adapted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the motion picture but earned $3 meg at the box office — well-nigh $51.viii one thousand thousand by today's standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era film, recollect that Disney made $8 million with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). The Wizard of Oz's modest success in the U.S. barely covered product and film rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — only success overseas fortunately bolstered the flick'southward returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me Besides"
Judy Garland was only sixteen years old when she was cast as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were often given to young actors to help them sleep afterwards studios shot them up with adrenaline and so they could piece of work long hours.
The spotlight — and her dissentious contract with MGM — didn't assistance, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. According to a author for Express, "[Garland] was molested past older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her piddling more than their 'belongings.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy diet of cigarettes, coffee and chicken soup.
The Vocalization of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Wizard of Oz debuted, Walt Disney'south characteristic-length blithe motion picture Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) became a smash-hitting. Not just did the film revolutionize the animation industry, it also reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snow White — then the most successful film of all time — with an adaptation of The Wizard of Oz, but MGM owned the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snow White, had an uncredited office in Oz. During the Tin can Man'south "If I Only Had a Centre," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art thou Romeo?"
The Ruby Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy's iconic footwear was originally silvery, just screenwriter Noel Langley felt the red color would actually pop in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM'southward master costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in virtually two,300 sequins.
One of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution'southward National Museum of American History. Since the brandish is and then heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the carpeting there several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, but the FBI recovered the slippers for the institution in 2018.
Only Ane Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your classic gamble story, and Dorothy'south quest leads her from a Kansas farm to some other world — consummate with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. All the same, despite all these scenic locations, near all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
As was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making information technology possible for filmmakers to transport audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the only location footage in the film is the opening championship sequence — those clouds are 100% the real deal.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily past Terry, is one of the about beloved dogs in moving-picture show history. Terry was famously non a huge fan of special effects and can frequently be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Tin can Human being spouts out all of that steam.
After one of the Witch's guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for two weeks. Filmmakers went through ii doubles to find one that resembled the original canine actor more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was then addicted of Terry that she wanted to prefer the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In addition to being a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton besides believed her graphic symbol was more than simply your run-of-the-factory evil villain. More than 35 years later on the film debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch'southward costume to bear witness kids it was make-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her about the character.
According to Hamilton, the so-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, but she was besides a sad, solitary figure. In short, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked also takes this arroyo to the Witch's character.
The "Horse of a Different Color" Was Made Possible Thank you to a Food Product
In 1939, audiences were just as amazed as Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin Man and the Cowardly Lion when the horse in Emerald City took on a rainbow of colors. This "equus caballus of a different color" was fabricated possible thank you to a surprising food item…
Jell-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to move rapidly — the animals were eager to lick up the sweet treat. Simply the colorful steed isn't the but interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The equus caballus-drawn wagon was once owned by President Abraham Lincoln and now resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Extra Hands
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch's flying monkeys, and then many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in order to give life to this fantasy moving picture. To keep up with the daily demands, MGM chosen upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since almost of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming associates line. Nigh actors had to arrive before 5:00 in the morning — six days a week! — to begin the intensive process.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Fill the Film
The film is chock-full of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the cracking fortune of being responsible for some of the most quoted lines in movie history equally well. In 2007, Premiere compiled a list of "The 100 Greatest Movie Lines" and placed a whopping three of the flick's lines on the list.
"Pay no attending to that homo behind the drapery" was voted #24, while "At that place's no place like home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the frequently misquoted "Toto, I have a feeling we're non in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch's Burn down Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Clearly, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the picture show is incredible. Like the "horse of a unlike colour" sequence, another iconic, special furnishings-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Shortly after Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the ruby slippers from the young girl'south feet. However, burn down strikes the Witch's hands, repelling her. This "fire" is actually apple tree juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up clip to make it wait more flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was part fun and part problem-solving for filmmakers. In gild to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to exist lit with arc lights, which often heated the set upward to a toasty 100 degrees.
After the lights were set, the experts experimented with what would look best on moving picture, especially in colorized class. For case, the white function of Dorothy's apparel is actually pinkish — simply considering it filmed better. And the oil the Can Man is so excited well-nigh? It'south really chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the East Makes More than One Appearance
Office of the Wicked Witch of the West's beef with Dorothy is that the young girl dropped a firm on her sis, the Wicked Witch of the East, who was the short-lived owner of the reddish slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the West and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, she also plays the Wicked Witch of the Due east — if simply briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her bedroom window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch outside the window is wearing the ruby slippers. The restored version of the film makes that shimmer even more noticeable.
The Moving-picture show'south Running Time Was Cut Downward Several Times
The first cut of the movie clocked in at a running time of 120 minutes. Although that seems similar nothing by today's Marvel pic standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off 20 minutes.
Subsequently cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (peak right) and an extended Scarecrow trip the light fantastic sequence, the flick was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a 2d preview screening, and, after, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald City reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Expressionless," a scene where the Tin Man becomes a human beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
So Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers accounted Margaret Hamilton's Wicked Witch of the W operation too frightening for audiences and cut or trimmed many of her scenes. But not everyone thought her functioning was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch's nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the pic'southward starring foes were actually friends. One story that emerged from the fix described Garland excitedly showing off a dress to Hamilton, declaring she was going to article of clothing it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM's Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press tour the day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," every bit opposed to the more apt "Color Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem as though the entire film was shot in color. Was this done deliberately, or was it a minor syntactical faux pas?
Information technology's widely believed this was a bit of a stunt done to enhance the surprise of the picture turning into total three-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters fabricated at the time of the film's debut fabricated no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), adding credence to this theory.
Ane of History's Most-Watched Films
Although The Wizard of Oz proved pop in theaters, another film released the same year, also directed by Victor Fleming, actually topped the box office. (You may have heard of that little moving-picture show — it's called Gone with the Wind.) Nonetheless, MGM'due south musical fantasy may have more staying ability than other films of the era, thanks in part to re-releases.
The film was get-go broadcast on television set on Nov iii, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 million viewers. Information technology's believed that The Magician of Oz is one of the 10 most-watched feature-length movies in film history, largely due to the number of almanac television screenings, theater viewings and diverse format re-releases.
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